Another successful Turkish player in the NBA is Hidayet Trkolu, who was given the NBA's Most Improved Player Award for the 20072008 season, on April 28, 2008. The Uyghur Khaganate that succeeded the Turkic Empire was even more closesly associated with Sogdian elements. Behzad is the most famous of Persian miniature painters. Turkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic and Persian cuisines. The Middle East (Arabic: , ISO 233: ash-Sharq al-Awsat) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (European part of Turkey), Egypt, Iran, the Levant (including Ash-Shm and Cyprus), Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), and the Socotra Archipelago (a . Pair their luxurious aesthetic with the impressive history of the rug-making tradition, and these sumptuous textiles become even more tantalizing as they reflect an aspect of Middle Eastern culture that dates back millennia. Regional centers of Turkish culture first emerged, ie Central Asia. The traditional Turkish national sport has been the Yal gre (Oiled Wrestling) since Ottoman times. As the author of numerous ghazals expressing love, spirituality, and protest, he and his work continue to be important to Iranians, and many of his poems are used as proverbs or sayings. Persian tile decorating reached its zenith in the 18th and 19th centuries. Naim Sleymanolu and Halil Mutlu have achieved legendary status as one of the few weightlifters to have won three gold medals in three Olympics. Also important to the religion is the concept of the nature of good (Senta Mainyu) and evil (Angra Mainyu). The Persian carpet is considered to be the finest in its own category. However they were constrained by the lack of technological infrastructure or insufficient financial resources till the 1980s. Ferdowsi, author of Shahnameh, took 35 years to write his epic poem about the heroes of Ancient Persia. In the year 1072 AD, Omar Khayyam documented the most accurate year length ever calculated a figure still accurate enough for most purposes in the modern world. Prior. Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball are also popular. ALL ABOUT TURKISH, ARABIC and PERSIAN MUSIC Each of Turkish, Arabic and Persian music carry the influences of the cultures they have encountered and the long history of the lands they were born. [citation needed]. Turkic-Persian tradition was a variant of Islamic culture. The earliest great poetry in New Persian was written for the Samanid court. Circular, wavy and curved lines are predominant in the structures of this period. From time to time Istanbul and Antalya also host the Turkish leg of the F1 Powerboat Racing championship; while the Turkish leg of the Red Bull Air Race World Series, an air racing competition, takes place above the Golden Horn in Istanbul. [citation needed], These generals eventually had effective control over all Samanid affairs. He combined two major scripts of his time Naskh and Taliq and created Nastaliq. [citation needed], The Seljuq successors of Kara-Khanid Khanate in Transoxiana brought this culture westward into Persia, Iraq, and Syria. Zoroastrianism, while having a small following, is still in practice today and many Iranian festivals still center around the Zoroastrian calendar. The main reason for this was Safavids' introduction of Shiism into Persia, done to distinguish themselves from their Sunni neighbors, especially Ottomans. Counties will have lowered popular opinion with their direct Liege if they belong to a different culture and especially heritage. [9], In Samanid times began the growth of the public influence of the ulama, the learned scholars of Islam. The first radical step away from this trend was taken by Nzm Hikmet, whoduring his time as a student in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924was exposed to the modernist poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and others, which inspired him to start writing verse in a less formal style. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Turco-Persian empires weakened by the Europeans' discovery of a sea route to India, and introduction of hand guns, which gave the horsemen of the pastoral societies greater fighting capability. [3] The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Architectural Movement emerged. This was also the first time since the 19th century that Turkish literature was escaping from Western influence and began to mix Western forms with other forms. [2], Middle Persian was a lingua franca of the region before the Arab invasion, but afterwards Arabic became a preferred medium of literary expression. [5] The combination of these elements in the Islamic society had a strong impact on the religion, because Islam was disengaged from its Arabic background and Bedouin traditions and became a far richer, more adaptable, and universal culture. Turkish film director Fatih Akn, who lives in Germany and has dual Turkish-German citizenship, won the Golden Bear Award at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival with the film Head-On. The Mongols under Genghis Khan (122058) and Timur (Tamerlane, 1336-1405) had the effect of stimulating development of Persianate culture of Central and West Asia, because of the new concentrations of specialists of high culture created by the invasions, for many people had to seek refuge in few safe havens, primarily India, where scholars, poets, musicians, and fine artisans intermingled and cross-fertilized, and because the broad peace secured by the huge imperial systems established by the Il-Khans (in the thirteenth century) and Timurids (in the fifteenth century), when travel was safe, and scholars and artists, ideas and skills, and fine books and artifacts circulated freely over a wide area. The men's national basketball team finished second in Eurobasket 2001; while Efes Pilsen S.K. A style that was very similar to Baroque was developed by the Seljuk Turks, according to a number of academics. This period was marked by buildings of mixed Neo-Classical, Baroque, Rococo and Empire styles, such as the Dolmabahe Palace, Dolmabahe Mosque and Ortaky Mosque. [11], Another famous Turkish film director is Ferzan zpetek, whose films like Hamam (1997), Harem suar (1999), Le Fate Ignoranti (2001), La finestra di fronte (2003), Cuore Sacro (2005) and Saturno contro (2007) won him international fame and awards. [16], In Mongol and Timurid times the predominant influences on Turco-Persian culture were imposed from Central Asia, and in this period Turco-Persian culture became sharply distinguishable from the Arabic Islamic world to the west, the dividing zone fell along Euphrates. But Khayyam is best known for his work as a poet. During the reign of Ahmed III (17031730) and under the impetus of his grand vizier brahim Paa, a period of peace ensued. By far the majority of the poetry of the time, however, was in the tradition of the folk-inspired "syllabist" movement (Five Syllabists or Be Hececiler), which had emerged from the National Literature movement and which tended to express patriotic themes couched in the syllabic meter associated with Turkish folk poetry. A remarkable similarity in culture, particularly among the elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia. Masnavi is a series of six books of poetry that together are around 25,000 verses. The inner courtyard and the mosque were inseparable. It is solely a religion. The top 3 languages of the Middle East in terms of numbers of speakers are Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. Arabic was of course the language of scripture and law, but Persian was the language of poetry and literature. As the broad cultural region remained politically divided, the sharp antagonisms between empires stimulated appearance of variations of Turco-Persian culture. The west Asian languages, namely Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, are not always the first . A long Turkish panel of tiles, circa 1650-55, features a hanging lamp at the top. The Black Sea region's cuisine (northern Turkey) is based on corn and anchovies. [12] The film La finestra di fronte (2003) was particularly successful, winning the Best Film and Scholars Jury awards at the 2003 David di Donatello Awards, the Crystal Globe and Best Director awards at the 2003 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the 2003 Silver Ribbon for Best Original Story from the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, the Festival Prize at the 2004 Foyle Film Festival, the Audience Award at the 2004 Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, and the Canvas Audience Award at the 2004 Flanders International Film Festival.[12]. [11] Other important films of Akn, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. Turkish and Persian rugs represent some of the most striking and elegant examples of weaving available in the market today. [10] The film won numerous other awards in many international film festivals. The decorative elements of the European Baroque and Rococo influenced even the religious Ottoman architecture. The cities of Ardabil, Tabriz, Kashan, and Isfahan are the chief producers of Persian carpets. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state spanning across Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Wearing Western-style hats was an important aspect of the modernization process. As the Turco-Persian Islamic culture was exported into the wider region of Western and Southern Asia, the transformation became increasingly evident. Persian weaving flourished in the second half of the 15th century during the Safavid Dynasty. A series of radical reforms soon followed, central to these reforms were the belief that Turkish society would have to Westernize itself both politically and culturally in order to modernize. This period witnessed three types of mosques: tiered, single-domed and subline-angled mosques. Statue of Ferdowsi also known as Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdallah Shirazi was one of the great Persian poets of 13th century. Motorsports have become popular recently, especially following the inclusion of the Rally of Turkey to the FIA World Rally Championship calendar in 2003,[17] and the inclusion of the Turkish Grand Prix to the Formula One racing calendar in 2005. Shahnameh is the worlds longest epic poem written by a single poet. Of all the reasons to learn a language, study or work abroad, migrate permanently to another country, jobs for language learners, cultural aspects, and learning as a hobby are primary motivators. The southeastUrfa, Gaziantep and Adanais famous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, kadayf and knefe. Ulama grew in prominence as the Samanids gave special support to Sunnism, in contrast with their Shiite neighbors, the Buyids. [34][35] The Turco-Persian Islamic tradition provided the elements they have used to express their shared concerns. Anyone who has heard of Persian pride knows they fought to remain as Persians, not Arabs. Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. Just as the Garip movement was a reaction against earlier poetry, soin the 1950s and afterwardswas there a reaction against the Garip movement. The rise of Turks in Samanid times brought a loss of Samanid southern territories to one of their Mamluks, who were governing on their behalf. Tiles were used to decorate monuments from early ages in Iran. Turkish literature is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken in the Republic of Turkey today. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 156874, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. By the nineteenth century, the European secular concepts of social obligation and authority, along with superior technology, shook many established institutions of Turco-Persia. 161-182, Najwa Al-Qattan. The Sunni peoples of eastern Mediterranean in Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Sunnis of Central Asia and India developed somewhat independently. With the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, the years 13001453 constitute the early or first Ottoman period in architecture, when Ottoman art was in search of new ideas. Parvin Etesami was a Persian poet in 20th century in Iran. The name Attar means herbalist or druggist, which was his profession. [8], The Samanids began recording their court affairs in Arabic and in this language, and they used it as the main public idiom. My Turkish etymological dictionary gives again the following pronunciations (using Turkish phonetical spelling, which tends to be different from other transcriptions in Latin letters): the Akkadian as tinru, the Aramaic tanr, the Hebrew tennr, the Persian both tanr and tandr, the Arabic tanr, the Turkish tandr, the Hindustani tandri. There are approximately 110 million native speakers of Persian around the world making it one of the world's most spoken languages. It was Persianate in that it was centered on a lettered tradition of Iranian origin and it was Turkic insofar as it was founded by and for . [citation needed], The early stages of Turco-Persian cultural synthesis in the Islamic world are marked by cultural, social and political tensions and competition among Turks, Persians, and Arabs, despite the egalitarianism of Islamic doctrine. The complex ideas around non-Arabs in the Muslim world[11][12] lead to debates and changing attitudes that can be seen in numerous Arabic, Persian and Turkic writings before the Mongol expansion. [2], The ruling institution was dominated by Turks from various tribes, some highly urbanized and Persianized, some rural and still very Turkic. 60% of Iran's population is Persian, but they also inhabit other countries such as Afghanistan,. Masnavi by Rumi is widely recognized as the greatest Sufi poem ever written, and has been called the Quran in Persian. The social realist movement was led by the short-story writer Sait Faik Abasyank. Orhan Pamuk is a leading Turkish novelist of post-modern literature. In a first step their background has been analysed. Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20. He is one of the most celebrated of the Persian poets, and his influence can be felt to this day. In a very different tradition, but evincing a similar strong political viewpoint, was the satirical short-story writer Aziz Nesin. The state accepts all citizens as Turks. Tiles are used in two different ways for art. [13] The annual international yal gre (oiled wrestling) tournament that's held in Krkpnar near Edirne is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world, having taken place every year since 1362. The pop up said something about adopting values of the persians. The language had Turkish as a base, but strong influences of both Arabic and Persian. Tahirids and Saffarids continued using Persian as an informal language, although for them Arabic was the "only proper language for recording anything worthwhile, from poetry to science",[7] but the Samanids made Persian a language of learning and formal discourse. International wrestling styles governed by FILA such as Freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling are also popular, with many European, World and Olympic championship titles won by Turkish wrestlers both individually and as a national team. [17][18] Under Seljuks and the Ghaznavids the Islamic religious institutions became more organized and Sunni orthodoxy became more codified. Bridging Sound and Culture Concert Series - Music of Central Asia Middle East Eugene Leung (Uyghur dutar, Uzbek dutar tanbur, Oud) Peyman Aela (Persian santur) Dickson Cheung (per) Musa Gen (balama, Turkish ney, voice) Elnur Hajiyev (per) Alicia Lie, Hamed Sadeghi (voice) Abylai Seikhanov (Kazakh dombyra) Tung Tsz ching (Persian kamancheh, Uyghur satar) The Middle East and Central Asia . 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