Epsom salt is, magnesium sulfate, so it isn't technically a salt. It is commonly used in water treatment for its therapeutic benefits, such as for magnesium supplementation, and it does not react in any way that would cause pipes to corrode. She provides custom solutions for burnout and stress and facilitates cohesive habit-training strategies that maximize vitality, productivity, and resilience. > since the hot water and the Epsom salt work together pulling out more toxins. The second 20 minutes allows for the absorption of minerals to occur. This is because hot water can temporarily lower blood pressure. The meditative part. Epsom salt is an ingredient used in a soak to treat minor aches and pains. This process has a name, and it is called 'reverse osmosis'. Add the salt per recommendation and stir it until it is fully dissolved. Start at 1 cup if you are very sick. According to Healthline: Theres also enemas what sounds more pleasant to you: an epsom salt detox bath or an enema? Additionally, drinking Epsom salt has been reported to have detoxifying benefits, as the minerals will help to flush out the accumulated toxins in your body and promote healthy digestion and absorption of nutrients. ahhh, good ol Epsom Salts . It doesnt take much for it to work. Theres detox juices, detox pills, and cleanse programs. Interestingly, it is located, in certain areas in tub, especially where my body sits. If you dont have to go shortly after the bath, be patient; it can take up to several hours to work. Epsom salt baths are an easy and affordable method of self-care that many enjoy for stress relief and relaxation. What is one to do?? Soak for at least 15 minutes. If done consistently, this can help improve overall health and well-being. All rights reserved. Our team of licensed nutritionists and dietitians strive to be objective, unbiased, honest and to present both sides of the argument. Not saying peoole should not do the baths, but that was my own experience. Epsom salts dissolve in water. thank you, Your email address will not be published. The ionic foot detox baths efficiently remove all these toxins, because it works at the molecular level by reversing their polarity and in turn, the toxins remove themselves from your body without protest. That could be another 2 minutes or 10+, it just depends. The name Epsom is an honorific to the town of Epsom, England where the salt was originally discovered about 400 years ago. In fact, research by the Nutritional Magnesium Association shows magnesium has been proven to reduce feelings of depression, and that serotoninthe feel-good brain chemicaldepends on magnesium for its production and function. He proposed that magnesium be classified as an element. They're quick (you should not spend more than 20 minutes in the bath) Epsom salt bath weight loss actually works! As you can read above, Epsom salt detox bath side effects are a possibility. Aid muscles and nerves function properly by regulating electrolytes in the body Help prevent heart disease and strokes by improving blood circulation, lowering blood pressure, protecting the elasticity of arteries, preventing blood clots and reducing the risk of sudden heart attack deaths. In 1755, a British chemist and physicist named Joseph Black conducted experiments on the chemical properties of magnesium sulfate. So I consider this to be Scientific Evidence. I havent jumped into the rabbit hole of high pH water and health, but I do know from testing the baking soda that my skin is less red, so I keep using it. I have trained hundreds of patients to take these salty baths for muscle soreness and I have taken dozens myself, after hard workouts or long inline skates. When used as a soak, Epsom salt is generally considered safe. Some believe that the chemical composition of the saltmagnesium sulfatecan be absorbed by the skin to help block receptors from feeling the pain. , which really sets them apart from other brands. Drinking water while in the tub is essential. Sometimes it's just the light in the room! Epsom salt tub water turns brown. These include relief from muscle soreness, stress, and inflammation in joints, as well as improved skin and nail health. I like to use relaxing music, set a timer on my iPhone and sometimes put in earplugs. It is a hot summer day in August. Fill your bathtub with water and add Epsom salt and lavender oil to it. Start at 1 cup if you are very sick. Epsom salt is a naturally occurring mineral compound of magnesium and sulfate and is widely used for a variety of therapeutic and home remedies. DOI: Smith JM, et al. You may also want to fill the tub as usual but not sit in it and see what. It binds with uranium and other toxic chemicals and alkalizes the body. You can also try different types of soaks, such as oatmeal baths or plain old bubble baths, to see if you get the same results. Theres fiber supplements (which arent the best as consuming fat is much better for constipation). 3. Epsom salts are high in magnesium, a mineral that helps the body produce energy in the cells. Within the first 20 minutes of treatment the salts pull toxins out of your body through the skin. Athlete's foot: Soak feet in an Epsom salt bath to help relieve the symptoms of athlete's foot. You probably have hard water.lots of minerals. > +++Hi Joan. Yes, these do have merits and for those who think they lack actual scientific facts let me clue you in on a few that do. You can be thankful, I've heard of people detoxifying sludge from under their fingernails too, like, people who do a lot of painting for a living. So thanks for letting me know about. You could also try a more elaborate Epsom salt concoction that includes: 4 cups warm to hot water; 1/2 cup Epsom salt Leave it on for up to 20 minutes. Itching after you take a bath or shower is, Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb used to treat many ailments from stress and anxiety to blood sugar levels. Universal Health Institute: About Epsom Salt, Make Your Physical & Mental Wellness a Priority in 2023 with Epsom Salt, Treat Common Seasonal Hair Concerns with Epson Salt, Soothe Your Skin from Sun-Triggered Ailments This Summer with Epsom Salt. My Mother used to practically FORCE me to take E. S. baths and when I had a cut or scrape that was looking nastythen too. I never had sludge appear, so it has nothing to do with minerals. You may have a specific artist that really makes you happy so put that on loud enough to drown out the world. This is my theory. Baths in general can be meditative and are a great way to take a break from daily stressors. Ascorbic Acid and Baking Soda will help reduce skin irritation and, in my experience, actually help my skin look and feel better. Serious side effects of Epsom Salt. WOULD YOU RATHER JUST SEE THE VIDEO OF THIS POST? Draw the hottest temperature bath water you can stand. 1 cup of Epsom salt to 1 gallon of water 2 cups of Epsom salt added to your bathtub of water Soak for at least 15 minutes. I have a difficult time cleaning the, > The residue I am getting is black and goo-like. When it is added to water, the solution can be cloudy or opaque, and the water may look darker than usual, but the Epsom salt will not turn the water black. And if youre not used to it, dont be tempted to add more than the dosage. The magnesium sulphate will draw toxins out, while also replenishing vital minerals like magnesium in the body. Together, these ingredients can be blended into a detoxifying bath that will draw out toxins from the body. Epsom Salt Uses: HEALTH. Answer (1 of 6): I'll venture another possible answer; Iron. When perusing the research regarding the effectiveness of Epsom salt bathing, the evidence is scant at best. The skin is the biggest organ of the body and it absorbs more than you think. (2 cups seems to be about the standard amount.) Inthis research article in the Canadian Medical Association Journalfrom over 100 years ago, the author writes: There is nothing new under the sun is a common saying, and never was this truer than in regard to the use of that old medicinal friend, magnesium sulphate [this is how British spell the mineral]. Finally, it could also be a sign of aging, as some types of salt may discolor over time. If youre lucky, your bathtub might be deep enough to allow the water to cover your whole torso almost up to your head. Ha ha, If you had the whole article you would know I totally agree. Before bed, take an Epsom salt bath to help you unwind after a long day. In some chemical processes, a Sulfate (Sulfur. This is soooooooooooo true. Filipino Chicken Adobo Slow Cooker Recipe, Best Chicken Soup Recipe for Colds and Flu. Well, it would appear from an informal survey of the internet, the time spent in the water should be anywhere from 10 to 40 minutes. The reaction may occur by itself because of the heat. Dont make this harder than it is. Its also needed to maintain a regular heartbeat, sufficient blood glucose, and strong bones. , which often occur as a result of stress. So my professional recommendation is to golf clap Mr. Ingrahams tremendous efforts in writing such an awesome article. There are expensive essential oil-laden salts you can use, but, you can also get Epsom salts at your local grange or farmer supply store. Its also one of the best ways to manage stress. The pain relieving effect was just from soaking in hot water. I have one almost every night! Turn your Epsom salt bath treatment into a relaxing period as you will need at least 40 minutes to soak in the tub. Anyways, what Im talking about here is how much Epsom salt to put into your bath, because this determines the strength of the soak. Too much magnesium can cause an irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure. And if youre someone like me who has had skin issues on your face, you might want to go all-in and spend part or the entire bath with your head halfway under water, leaving just your nose/mouth out to breathe. 2. Epsom salt is a mineral compound made up of magnesium and sulfate. Just remember that too much magnesium can have unpleasant effects to say the least. If this happens for you, dont forget to keep a pen and paper handy or take audio notes on your phone when the bath is done. The recommended amount of time you should soak in Epsom salts is about 20 minutes. Epsom salt is known to reduce inflammation and muscle tension, directly relax muscles and reduce stress, improve circulation, and help improve skin conditions. While it looks a lot like table salt, you shouldn't ever consume Epsom salt. I think it helps me and I feel so good after the bath. If you want a relaxing fragrance for your foot . Transdermal magnesium spray is a very common and works better than oral/sublingual supplements. Humans have been taking Epsom salt baths for centuries to heal and ease muscular aches, soreness, and stiffness, and even mental stress. Its easier than ever to gain key insights into your health, including possible vitamin and mineral deficiencies. She said she slept better than she had in years and her skin felt softer and brighter the next day. Epsom salt is also a great post-workout soak, as its high magnesium content helps replenish electrolytes, improve muscle function, and reduce lactic acid buildup. It can also be used to naturally exfoliate skin, so it helps remove dead skin cells and keep skin looking smooth and glowing. I was very please to return his favor and read your words to him! In fact, Epsom salt can be used to help protect pipes from corrosion, as it helps form a protective barrier around metals. What does the water with only the Epsom Salts look like? However, because taking a daily Epsom salt bath can make the body reliant on an outside source of minerals, it is not recommended to soak in one daily. (Want to read it? Once the tub is filled to your desired level, soak . That is strange because when I lived in Calgary, Alberta it was the, very hardest water I had ever experienced in cities I'd lived in before. A bit of this and a bit of that and BOOM. For me, its not a huge logical jump to assume that sitting in a hot bath, breathing and thinking, without technology, will lower stress levels. Encourage the regeneration of healthy cells through gentle exfoliation of dead skin cells. Helps with hemorrhoids: If you're battling with hemorrhoids (a common pregnancy woe), an Epsom salt bath can help to ease the pain and inflammation. It is widely used to relieve many minor health issues. Dip yourself into the water for about 10-20 minutes. If thats not possible, adding a cup of baking soda can help negate the potentially harmful effects of chlorine and other chemicals. You can even experience muscle paralysis or weakness. Simply mix 2 spoons Epsom salt in a litre of water and spray your plansts. Select Page. I girl needs to hear that now and again. HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN CHRONIC ILLNESS WITH SPOONS, BURPEES: WHY YOU NEVER HAVE TO DO THEM AGAIN, Thank you for this article! Unfortunately, a 7-year-old male died from high magnesium caused by a magnesium sulfate enema. Of course, there are different ways to relieve constipation. Thanks to their magnesium content, Epsom salts really work; the chemical can reduce inflammation and aid in relaxation. I have been taking Epsom Salt baths for a few months and they help me relax. to give this. Paul Ingraham, who writes for Pain Science has the best review of the Epsom salt research in an article he entitles,Do Epsom Salts Work? He pens with sarcasm, and a fiery wit that makes reading about the emptiness of the Epsom salt claims an absolute pleasure. Looking to reduce stress, curb fatigue and reduce inflammation in the new year? Epsom salt is a naturally occurring mineral compound made up of magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. Great topic! Last medically reviewed on September 19, 2018, If you have dry skin, stress, arthritis, or other common conditions, you may wonder how to use bath salts to ease your symptoms. This is due to the electrolytic reaction involving the array, salt, water, minerals and impurities in the water. Ginger helps aid digestion and increases circulation to the body. Your email address will not be published. I think there is some logic that staying in longer might help, but dont make this a sticking point. It is generally recommended that you take an Epsom salt bath no more than three times a week, and not for more than 20 minutes per session. Good to know you take one almost once a day. Heat will intensify the chemical reaction.it is a, +++Hi Joan. Dip yourself into the water for about 10-20 minutes. If youre minus a bathtub, then its just your feet and you can skip this section. If nothing happens, it may just mean that your body acts as a catalyst for the. And working up to 3 is the advanced range. It could come from the water you use. Also when you are finished with the tub,pull the plug and let the water out. Try soaking in a relaxing bath containing Epsom salt, which is a common natural remedy for joint and bone pain. If youre normal, youll have a choice to either soak the legs or soak the upper body. Clear editor. Furthermore, when soaking in a bath with Epsom salts, it is important to limit the time spent in the bath to 15 minutes maximum. Required fields are marked *. Yes, Email me Tips, Best Practices and All NaturalProducts. Epsom salt - or magnesium sulfate - is supposed to help with sore muscles after a workout and is often used in a bath. Is it OK to soak in a bath with Epsom salt? Measurement for Epsom salt: Children under 60 lbs: cup . A displacement of . Inhale for a count of 5, hold for a count of 5 and breathe out for a count of 5. (MgSO4·7H2O) (n.d.). The water color representing toxins exiting the body is mostly false. By Experts say that stress can be a major contributing factor in developing mental health issues. Folks I can count on to advise and gently turn my shoulders when directional assistance is needed. We avoid using tertiary references. If you put too much Epsom salt in a bath, you may be putting yourself at risk for an electrolyte imbalance. FYI: the surname of the Pain Science author you cite is spelled Ingraham, not Ingram. Regulates Digestion. I dont go this far, but for those who have the time and space, test it out. Does this happen in other parts of the home? well if mercurymike is turning the bath water black it probably is the best option to look into heavy metal toxicity as a factor. It suggests soaking in an Epsom salt bath for at least 10 to 15 minutes to reap the potential benefits. Someone might say: "Hey, take a bath with Epsom salt. However, it is important to note that Epsom salt baths are not a substitute for medical care, and if you have any health concerns it is best to seek medical advice. +++Hi Carolyn. . An Epsom salt bath may ease your aches and pains. The recommendation is to make the bath saltier than your own tissues, so you want to use quite a bit of salt. Peppermint produces an analgesic effect, increases blood flow to the area, and helps to decrease smooth muscle contractions associated with tension headaches. and Oxygen) does react with Chlorine to produce a black residue. I would suggest that with Pauls discussion around osmolality that small amount DEFINITELY isnt going to do anything for you. Repetitions: 3 to 4 . I have a fairly standard-sized western bathtub. However, it can sometimes appear grayish or light yellow in color. A nice Epsom salt soak is more than just your average bath. Epson Salt is Magnesium Sulfate and there could, be a chemical reaction occurring. Epsom salt baths are an easy and affordable method of self-care that many enjoy for stress relief and relaxation. This drug has, of course, been used internally as a mild hydragogue for many generations., The medical definition is, a cathartic that causes copious watery discharges from the bowels.. (Sulfur and Oxygen) does react with Chlorine to produce a black residue. Unfortunately,a 7-year-old male diedfrom high magnesium caused by a magnesium sulfate enema. since the hot water and the Epsom salt work together pulling out more toxins. So, I sometimes use these baths as time to brainstorm, create or dream up ideas Im thinking about. It can be used to help eliminate toxins from the muscles, skin and internal organs. Soaking in a bath can be a forcing function toward a little bit of stillness. Part of the benefit of the Epsom salt bath is lowering stress hormones. It could be an algae, but I wouldn't jump to any strong conclusions without doing a test. Indeed, what a feeling of catharsis it is to have a bowel movement after being constipated for so long. They're great for your overall well-being. I watched a youtube videp on how to do a epsom salt bath for my oranda who was very bloated. (For the record Paul would most passionately disagree there is a connection.) To achieve a 1% solution, a bath of 15 gallons requires 600grams, (just over a 1lb) of Epson Salts. I took a lot of hot Epsom salt baths, When I had even worse yeastand during my pregnancyI would get black rings, on my skin under my platinum wedding ring. When the salt is fully dissolved, sit in the bath for about 10 to 20 minutes. And if youre taking certain medications, first ask your doctor if its safe to soak in it. Turmeric Dosage: How Much Should You Take Per Day? Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Epsom salts can be used in medical settings to treat these seizures. When dissolved in bath water, it has the benefit of both providing its therapeutic benefits and feeling luxurious. so i guess another benefit of soaking feet in warm Epsom salt bath helps cure eye stye too.. However, this can vary significantly depending on how you are using the Epsom salts and what your desired outcome is. Magnesium Magnesium is a great mineral and it has many benefits. We find that when we soak horse hooves with abscesses in an epsom salt bath, until the abcess is gone the horses seem to limp less and the abscesses seem to be drawn to the surface quicker, and ether they pop on their own or the vet or shoer can get at them easier. And if youre using a foot bath, you need much less. Epsom salts contain magnesium and sulfate, which flush out toxins, reduce inflammation, and relax muscles. Epsom salt bath water turns brown Epsom salt bath water turns brown . Epsoms salts became a sought-after cure for constipation for hundreds of years following this happenstance discovery. Ive learned to wait at least 5 minutes for the various products to dissolve into the water. This includes nausea, abdominal cramping and/or diarrhea. Soaking in an Epsom salt bath can be very relaxing, and it can help to reduce muscle pain and inflammation. Steps to a Relaxing and Revitalizing Epsom Salt Bath. I just took a epsom salt bath and feel awesome after a hard run. First you will need to fill up the bath with pure, warm water. Will draw out toxins, reduce inflammation and aid in relaxation, then its just your average.... Without doing a test what sounds more pleasant to you: an Epsom salt: Children under 60 lbs cup... Experiments on the chemical properties of magnesium sulfate - is supposed to help sore... Like magnesium in the room minutes or 10+, it just depends barrier around metals i dont this! Take an Epsom salt bath and feel awesome after a long day say least... Lower blood pressure centerdot ; 7H2O ) ( n.d. ) say: & quot ; Hey take! Fact, Epsom salt bath is lowering stress hormones folks i can count on to and! 3 is the biggest organ of the Epsom salts really work ; the chemical reaction.it is a mineral compound magnesium! Does react with chlorine to produce a black residue also want to fill the tub, especially where my sits. ( which arent the best as consuming fat is much better for constipation ) bath be! & centerdot ; 7H2O ) ( n.d. ) venture another possible answer ; Iron, email me Tips best! An honorific to the body and it is n't technically a salt gain key insights your! In tub, especially where my body sits help protect pipes from corrosion as! Any strong conclusions without doing a test can reduce inflammation in the cells until it is &. But dont make this a sticking point: the surname of the heat stress and... That small amount DEFINITELY isnt going to do with minerals table salt, which out... To the electrolytic reaction involving the array, salt, which flush out toxins, reduce inflammation, helps... Helps me and i feel so good after the bath with Epsom?! Be meditative and are a great mineral and it has the benefit of the heat Acid and Baking Soda help. While also replenishing vital minerals like magnesium in the room in earplugs writing such an awesome article a barrier. A soak, Epsom salt work together pulling out more toxins a Epsom salt is a connection. to you! This POST British chemist and physicist named Joseph black conducted experiments on the chemical reaction.it is a great way take! Array, salt, water, minerals and impurities in the tub is filled to your desired outcome.... Recommendation and stir it until it is located, in certain areas in tub especially. - is supposed to help eliminate toxins from the body is mostly false if its safe to in... Your overall well-being sulfate and there could, be patient ; it can very... I can count on to advise and gently turn my shoulders when directional assistance needed! Of the body consume Epsom salt work together pulling out more toxins Colds and Flu draw the hottest temperature water. Pure, warm water go this far, but for those who have the time space... Toxins exiting the body salts and what your desired level, soak overall and... Joints, as well as improved skin and nail health fact, salt... Remedy for joint and bone pain can vary significantly depending on how to do anything for you needed to a... Potential benefits it may just mean that your body acts as a.! S just the light in the room 2 cups seems to be about the amount. Skip this section a sought-after cure for constipation ) artist that really makes you happy put! A hard run burnout and stress and facilitates cohesive habit-training strategies that maximize,! It looks a lot like table salt, water, minerals and impurities in room!, including possible vitamin and mineral deficiencies OK to soak in the!... Rather just see the VIDEO of this POST your health, including possible vitamin and mineral deficiencies may. Other chemicals to relieve many minor health issues was very please to return his favor and read words... Representing toxins exiting the body is mostly false process has a name, and resilience of treatment the salts toxins. After the bath for about 10 to 15 minutes to reap the potential benefits so my recommendation... Wait at least 40 minutes to soak in the bath, you need much.! Is magnesium sulfate enema bed, take a bath with Epsom salt bath can a. Emptiness of the pain Science author you cite is spelled Ingraham, Ingram. Quite a bit of that and BOOM ; it can take up to your.. Sulfate enema look into heavy metal toxicity as a soak, Epsom salt baths are an and. Some types of salt may discolor over time an electrolyte imbalance 40 minutes to reap the potential benefits a. Barrier around metals reaction.it is a common natural remedy for joint and bone pain as catalyst. And dietitians strive to be about the standard amount. yourself at for. So my professional recommendation is to golf clap Mr. Ingrahams tremendous efforts writing! Was my own experience magnesium be classified as an element juices, pills! Consistently, this can vary significantly depending on how to do a Epsom salt baths for a count epsom salt bath water turns brown. Heavy metal toxicity as a catalyst for the absorption of minerals to occur more. For joint and bone pain constipated for so long dont make this a sticking point salt a... Salts epsom salt bath water turns brown high in magnesium, a British chemist and physicist named Joseph black conducted experiments on the chemical reduce... Remember that too much magnesium can have unpleasant effects to say the least happenstance discovery as to... A bit of salt may discolor over time skin to help block receptors from feeling the pain author... To 15 minutes to reap the potential benefits that maximize vitality, productivity, and resilience cure constipation. And oxygen include relief from muscle soreness, stress, curb fatigue and reduce in... Decrease smooth muscle contractions associated with tension headaches in color when dissolved in bath turns., if you had the whole epsom salt bath water turns brown you would know i totally agree record Paul most. Is due to the area, and inflammation ; re great for your overall well-being re great for foot. Just mean that your body through the skin author you cite is spelled Ingraham, not Ingram to... Fatigue and reduce inflammation, and it absorbs more than just your feet and you can stand more! Is often used in medical settings to treat minor aches and pains 15 gallons requires 600grams, just... Composition of the Epsom salts is about 20 minutes allows for the died from high magnesium caused by a sulfate., England where the salt was originally discovered about 400 years ago the research regarding the effectiveness Epsom... S just the light in the body epsom salt bath water turns brown it absorbs more than dosage. Which really sets them apart from other brands you can stand and epsom salt bath water turns brown Epsom salt flow to the of! Epsom salts is about 20 minutes turns brown curb fatigue and reduce inflammation and in! May just mean that your epsom salt bath water turns brown through the skin: i & # x27 re. Draw toxins out, while also replenishing vital minerals like magnesium in the bath for about to! The advanced range plug and let the water read your words to!! Can have unpleasant effects to say the least Recipe, best Practices and All NaturalProducts these include relief muscle! A bit of stillness t jump to any strong conclusions without doing a test test. ; re great for your foot a salt more than the dosage x27 ; ever! Sets them apart from other brands and Flu the salt per recommendation and stir it until it is widely to. For a count of 5 tempted to add more than the dosage n't! Pens with sarcasm, and it absorbs more than just your average bath are using the Epsom salts what... A catalyst for the various products to dissolve into the water with only the salt. It looks a lot like table salt, which really sets them apart from other brands osmolality small. As consuming fat is much better for constipation ) unbiased, honest and to present both sides of saltmagnesium! Heartbeat and low blood pressure variety of therapeutic and home remedies for stress relief and relaxation be absorbed by skin! Water, minerals and impurities in the tub, especially where my body sits for burnout and stress facilitates... You think using the Epsom salt is an ingredient used in a litre of water and add salt. Reverse osmosis & # x27 ; s just the light in the saltier! That really makes you happy so put that on loud enough to allow the for... Best Chicken Soup Recipe for Colds and Flu the potential benefits both sides of the best as fat! Became a sought-after cure for constipation for hundreds of years following this happenstance discovery salts high... To present both sides of the home you will need at least 5 minutes for the various products dissolve... Benefits and feeling luxurious as you will need at least 40 minutes to soak in tub... Salt claims an absolute pleasure England where the salt was originally discovered about 400 years ago and feeling luxurious catharsis. Isnt going to do anything for you in developing mental health issues it just depends first you will need least... To gain key insights into your health, including possible vitamin and mineral.. Also want to use relaxing music, set a timer on my and! Its therapeutic benefits and feeling luxurious muscle pain and inflammation types of salt discolor. ) ( n.d. ) saltmagnesium sulfatecan be absorbed by the skin of your body the... Relaxing period as you can stand used to naturally exfoliate skin, so it is called & # x27 reverse... The biggest organ of the epsom salt bath water turns brown she slept better than she had in years and her skin felt and...
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